Making Indicators

Aim: To make acid-base indicators using everyday substances. 

Equipment: Red cabbage, tea, beetroot, turmeric, cranberry juice, beaker, 100ml hot water, tripod, Bunsen burner, gauze mat, 1.0 moI L -1 HCI and 1.0 moI L -1 Na-OH. 

(We don't have Bunsen burners in the science room so we boiled hot water.)

Method: 

For Cabbage and Beetroot - Chop the cabbage into small pieces until you have enough to fill 2 cups. Place the cabbage in a large beaker and add water to cover the cabbage. Boil over a Bunsen burner for at least ten minutes for the colour to leach out of the cabbage. Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish colored liquid. This liquid is about pH 7. (The exact colour you get depends on the pH of the water.) Place in a small beaker and leave to the side. Repeat this method for beetroot. 

For the tea - Put 100 ml of water in a beaker and boil. Turn off the Bunsen burner and put three bags in the beaker. Remove tea bags when the tea is very strong. Place in a small beaker and leave to the side. 

For the cranberry juice - Pour into a beaker and leave to one side. 

For the turmeric - Mix 1 teaspoon turmeric in 100 ml cup of alcohol, place in beaker and leave to the side. 

Task Two:

1. You now have five beakers, each containing a different indicator. 

2. Using a pipette, place 5 ml of the cabbage indicator into two test tubes. 

3. Add 5 ml of HCI (acid) to one test tube and 5 ml of NaOH (alkali) to the other test tube. 

4. Record the colour change on the table below. 

5. Clean the test tubes and repeat for beetroot, tea, cranberry and turmeric indicators. 

Results: 

Solubility Experiment - Science

Solubility Experiment

Aim: To see if salt or baking soda dissolves more in water.

Hypothesis: I don't have any theories but I think the baking soda will dissolve faster but it will turn to paste but that is it changing from it's original form so it had dissolved. 

Equipment: A 250mL breaker, 100mL measuring cylinder, salt, baking soda, a stirring rod, a teaspoon and a ruler.

Method: 

1: Fill the breaker with 100mL of tap water.

2: Add a level teaspoon of baking soda. A level teaspoon is obtained by running your ruler across the edge of the teaspoon.

3: Stir the solution until all of the substance has dissolved. 

4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until no more baking soda will dissolve into the solution.

5: Record how many teaspoons of baking soda were added.

6: Repeat the experiment again with salt. 

Results: 

Solute	Number of teaspoons that dissolved in 100 mL of water.
Baking Soda	3
Salt	7

Discussion: Salt took more spoonfuls to stop dissolving. The baking soda took longer because it's attraction to water was less than salt and water.

Conclusion: The experiment did end up being successful. My hypothesis was incorrect but I was right about the baking soda dissolving faster. 

Hurumanu - Solar Energy

Solar Energy

Catching the sun movie

Materials:

1. Cups (4x) 
2. Water 
3. Tin Foil
4. Two sheets of white paper
5. One sheet of black paper
6. Thermometer
7. One large cup
8. Heat lamp

Steps

1. Fill 3 of the cups up with water.  
2. Lay down each of the surfaces.
3. Place the cups of water onto the papers and tinfoil. For one of the white paper place a the bigger cup on the top of the smaller one.
4. Plug in the heat lamp and wait for each time stamp.  
5. After waiting for each time stamp check the temperature and right down the results.  

Which surface conducts / attracts the most heat?

Time + temperature	Cup 1 White paper	Cup 2 White paper+ plastic.	Cup 3 Black paper	Cup 4 Tinfoil
0	12	12	12	12
40 minutes	15	14	20	20
15 minutes	15	13	19	19
30 minutes	17	19	22	22

Findings: During this experiment I found that when we didn't have the heat lamp on the temperatures still went up which I didn't expect to happen, we were in front of natural light so that could have somehow triggered the temperature to rise with out the heat lamp. Also the black paper and tin foil had the same results which but the two white paper didn't 

Conclusion: I thought this experiment was very interesting, it was cool to see how different objects/things can effect the temperature of something. In the end I was really surprised how two cups of waters temperature rise without the heat lamp. Overall I enjoyed this experiment and would love to do something similar to this one again.

Science - Recycling

Aim: To learn practical ways of recycling so that we can make our world a better place.

The Zero Waste Climate Solution movie

How can we prevent climate change though recycling these products?

Plastics: It prevents us from burning coal and oil and helps us use less energy. 
Cycling or walking: Instead of taking a car or a bus which releases carbon monoxide which evaporates into the air and rises the earths atmosphere. Walking to different places means you're not releasing carbon monoxide 
Paper: If we stop using as much paper and wasting paper it means less tree's are being cut down 
Steel: Less coal is burnt and that means less gasses which rise our earths temperature are released. 

Video questions:

What is Zero Waste?

One of the quickest and cheapest ways a community can immediately reduce climate impact. 
What can we do on the planet?

1.   Resign
2.   Recycle
3.   Stop feeding animal products
4.   Start feeding soils

What do we need to recycle?

All plastics, paper, glass bottles, jars, milk and juice cartons and everything else that can be recycled! Share things.

What does recycling do?

It stops the use of fossil fuels which means less carbon dioxide would be released into the air. 

How much of our rubbish is food scraps?

42%

What does soil do to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

CH4 Methane 

What do we need to do?

1. Have Zero Waste.

What is a carbon footprint?

the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a person or a community.

How can you make your Carbon Footprint smaller?

To stop the use of fossil fuel products, lower the rate of energy in your household, walk and not using cars or motorcycles. Sharing your resources. 

My Goals

1. Turning off the lights in the house that i'm not using.
2. Walk more places instead of getting my parents to take me.
3. Use recyclable products/don't use fossil fuel products.

AT WHAT RATES DO DIFFERENT ITEMS DECOMPOSE?

MY INVESTIGATION.

Choose 5 items from the list and investigate them. 

You need to answer three questions.

Name: Aluminium Can

1. How long do they take to decompose? 200-400 years
2. What resource / fossil fuel are they made from? Metal
3. How is this resource recycled? The aluminium is taken to a treatment plant and it goes through a re-melt process and turns into molten. Then it's made into a large block called ingot then they are made into cans or aluminium products again.
4. How does this object contribute to climate change? When aluminium is made they use a lot of electricity and releasing CO2 which is obviously bad for our planet. 

Name: Milk Carton

1. How long do they take to decompose? 5 years
2. What resource / fossil fuel are they made from? Polyethylene
3. How is this resource recycled? Milk cartons have a similar process to aluminium but in the end of the process some processed milk cartons are sent over seas and can be used for a roof.
4. How does this object contribute to climate change? When milk cartons are made they use up a lot of electricity and releasing CO2 which is obviously bad for our planet. Same as aluminium.

Name: Glass Bottle

1. How long do they take to decompose? 500 years-forever
2. What resource / fossil fuel are they made from? A liquid sand.
3. How is this resource recycled? Glass is taken from the bin and taken to a glass treatment plant then the glass is washed and sorted by colour. The glass is then crushed and melted then moulded into new products like jars and bottles.
4. How does this object contribute to climate change? CO2 is released when glass is made.

Name: Plastic Bag

1. How long do they take to decompose? 10-20 years
2. What resource / fossil fuel are they made from? Polythene 
3. How is this resource recycled? They have similar process to other fossil fuel products, broken down and then made into the same or similar product.
4. How does this object contribute to climate change? CO2 is released when the plastic bags are being made.

Name: Plastic Bottle

1. How long do they take to decompose? 400-500 years.
2. What resource / fossil fuel are they made from? Polythene terephthalate
3. How is this resource recycled? Every plastic bottle is separated from metal, glass and other things that we put into recycle bins, the plastic bottles are also sorted by the different type of plastics they are made from. Then the bottles are washed. Then the same process as milk cartons, plastic bags and more.
4. How does this object contribute to climate change? The use of electricity and CO2 being released into the air. 

Paper Plane and Water Rocket Experiment

FLIGHT

Aim: To learn about flight and aerodynamics. 

• In your groups of 3 you will make a paper plane and measure its distance and behaviour.
• In groups of 3 you will make a water rocket and record its distance and behaviour. 

Definition:

The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.


4 forces of flight:

1.  Gravity
2.   Thrust 
3.   Lift
4.   Drag

Paper Plane:

Material:

1. Paper
2. Large amount of space.

Steps:

1. Fold the paper in half.
2. Create triangle shapes up the top that lines up with the line down the middle.
3. Then do the rest like a normal paper plane and your finished. 

Findings:

Plane Type	Distance	Behaviour
Normal	4m	Curved to the side.
Ailerons	4.2m	It used gravity and pulled to the ground at the end.
Rudder	2.8m	It dropped as soon as Keyana threw it.

Conclusion:
Today one of our experiments involved paper planes. What we did was create a paper plane then use different strategies each time we measured how far the plane goes. For example we cut out ailerons on the plane, used a paper clip to give it some weight and the other time we tested it with nothing on it. Overall this experiment was pretty fun because we weren't just sitting at our seats the whole time. 




Water Rocket

Material:

1. 
2.  
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 

Steps:

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 


Findings:

( Record the distance and the flight behaviour of your rocket.)

Fuel Amount	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3
⅓ water
½ water
¾ water

Conclusion:

Rainbow Paper - Science

Rainbow Paper

Today 7/8Sh and 7/8Ds did a little experiment called rainbow paper, in this blog post i'll show you what it looks like, the materials and the steps.

Aim: To separate colours by using the process of chromatography.

 

 

 

Materials:

1. Filter Paper

2. Water Based Felt Pens

3. Ruler

4. Clear Cup

5. Water

 

Process:

Step 1: Rule 1cm on the paper.

Step 2: Draw a slight line on the paper and add two dots using the felt pens.

Step 3: Get the plastic cup and put the paper in there with the dots at the bottom but not touching

the bottom completely.

Step 4: Add a little bit of water.

Step 5: Fold the top of the paper.

Step 6: Wait and see what happens.

Conclusion: What have I learnt from this experiment?

I learnt about different materials and I learnt that the water makes the colour

travel up the paper and not down also at the start we only used the colours

blue and green but in the end it ended up being other colours like pink and

purple. The colours that stood out the most were the blue and green but

couple of minutes into the experiment the main colours were purple and yellow.

Whilst observing the colours I noticed that it smudged a lot. Also if you don't

know what forensics is its the scientific tests or techniques used in connection

with the detection of crime like fingerprints, geneology, DNA and much more.